History & Geography

  NAMERI NATIONAL PARK Nameri National Park is a national park in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur District of Assam, India, about 35 km from Tezpur. Nameri National Park is a national park located in the state of Assam, India. It was established in 1978 and covers an area of 200 square kilometers. The park is situated in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas and is known for its rich biodiversity and stunning natural beauty. Nameri National Park is home to several species of flora and fauna, including the Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, clouded leopard, Indian leopard, Himalayan black bear, and many more. The park is also home to over 300 species of birds, making it a popular destination for birdwatchers. The park is situated on the banks of the Jia Bhoroli River, and visitors can enjoy activities like river rafting, fishing, and camping in the park. The park is also home to several trekking trails that offer stunning views of the surrounding landscape. Tourism i

RAIMONA NATIONAL PARK   Raimona National Park is located in extreme western part of Assam, India. It is spread across Gossaigaon and Kokrajhar subdivisions of Kokrajhar District of BTR.It was established in 1996 and covers an area of 422 square kilometers. The park is situated on the foothills of the Bhutan Himalayas and is bordered by the Manas National Park, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Raimona National Park is known for its rich biodiversity and is home to several species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Some of the prominent animal species found in the park include the Bengal tiger, clouded leopard, elephant, gaur, wild buffalo, and sambar deer. The park is also home to several tribal communities, including the Bodo, Rabha, and Garo tribes, who have lived in the area for centuries. The park is an important habitat for these communities, who rely on the forest for their livelihoods. Tourism is not well-developed in Raimona National Park, and visitors need to o

DIBRU SAIKHOWA NATIONAL PARK   Dibru-Saikhowa National Park  is a National park located in Dibrugarh and Tinsukia Districts ,Assam, India. It was designated  Biospheres Reserve in July 1997 with an area of 765 km2 (295 sq mi), including a core area of 340 km2 (130 sq mi) and a buffer zone of 425 km2 (164 sq mi). The park is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including several species of primates, big cats like Bengal tiger and clouded leopard, small cats like fishing cat and leopard cat, elephants, Indian rhinoceros, wild boars, and various species of birds and reptiles. The park is also known for its extensive riverine systems and is an important habitat for several species of fish, turtles, and other aquatic life. The park is also home to several indigenous communities, including the Mishing, Deori, and Sonowal Kacharis, who have been living in and around the park for centuries. Visitors to the park can experience the unique culture and way of life of these communities, as well as

DEHING PATKAI NATIONAL PARK   Dehing Patkai National Park   is located in the Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of Assam and covers an area of 231.65 km2 (89.44 sq mi) rainforest. The park is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including several endangered species such as the Hoolock Gibbon, Indian Elephant, and White-winged Wood Duck. It is also known for its large number of butterfly species, with over 293 species recorded so far. Dehing Patkai National Park is a significant ecotourism destination in India, attracting wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers from around the world. Visitors can enjoy activities such as jungle safaris, bird watching, and trekking. However, the park has been in the news recently due to concerns over potential destruction of its forests for coal mining activities. Conservationists have been advocating for the protection of the park and its biodiversity, and the Indian government has ordered a probe into the matter.

ORANG NATIONAL PARK  Orang National Park , also known as Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park, is a national park located in the state of Assam, India. The park covers an area of 78.81 square kilometers and is known for its diverse range of flora and fauna. The park is situated on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River and is home to a variety of wildlife, including the great Indian one-horned rhinoceros, Bengal tigers, elephants, wild boars, and various species of primates and birds. The park is also known for its scenic beauty, with lush forests, grasslands, and wetlands. In addition to its natural beauty, Orang National Park is also an important site for conservation and research. The park is home to several endangered species, and efforts are being made to protect and preserve their habitats. The park also serves as a research site for scientists and conservationists studying the ecology and behavior of various species. Visitors to Orang National Park can enjoy a variety of activities

  MANAS NATIONAL PARK Manas National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the northeastern state of Assam, India. It is situated at the foothills of the Himalayas and covers an area of about 950 sq km (500 sq km core area). The park is known for its unique biodiversity and is home to many endangered species such as the Indian rhinoceros, Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, and pygmy hog. The park is also famous for its rich cultural heritage, with various ethnic communities such as the Bodo, Adivasi, and Mishing living in and around the park. The park is also known for its beautiful landscapes, with the Manas River flowing through it, and the Himalayas in the background. Manas National Park was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1928 and was later elevated to a national park in 1990. The park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. It is managed by the Government of India and is one of the few tiger reserves in the country. The park is open for tourists from October to A

KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK   Kaziranga National Park is a protected area located in the Indian state of Assam. It was established in 1905 as a forest reserve and was declared a national park in 1974. The park covers an area of 430 square kilometers and is home to the world's largest population of Indian one-horned rhinoceroses, as well as other rare and endangered species such as the Asiatic elephant, Bengal tiger, and Eastern swamp deer. Kaziranga National Park is located in the floodplains of the Brahmaputra River and is known for its unique landscape of tall elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical forests. The park is also an important birdwatching destination and is home to over 400 species of birds, including the endangered Bengal florican and the great Indian hornbill. The park is managed by the Assam Forest Department and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the world who come to see the park's div

NILE RIVER   The Nile River is the longest river in the world, stretching  The Nile River is the longest river in the world, stretching over 6,650 km (4,130 mi) in length and flowing through 11 countries in Africa. Here is a brief overview of the history of the Nile River: Ancient Times: The Nile River has played a significant role in the history of ancient Egypt, as it provided water for irrigation and transportation. The Nile River valley was also the site of one of the earliest civilizations in the world. Colonial Era: During the colonial period, the Nile River became an important trade route for the British Empire. The British built several dams and irrigation canals along the river to increase agricultural production. Modern Times: In modern times, the Nile River has been a source of conflict between the countries that share it. The dispute over the use of the Nile River water has led to several diplomatic tensions and political conflicts. Hydroelectric Power: The Nile River has

AMAZON RIVER   The Amazon River is the largest river in the world by discharge volume, and the second longest after the Nile. It is located in South America and flows through several countries, including Peru, Brazil, and Colombia. Here's a brief overview of the history of the Amazon River: Pre-Columbian Era: The Amazon region was inhabited by several indigenous tribes, including the Tupinamba, the Omagua, and the Yanomami. These tribes used the river for transportation, fishing, and agriculture. European Exploration: The first European to explore the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana, a Spanish explorer who navigated the river in 1542. Several other explorers followed in his footsteps, including the Portuguese explorer Pedro Teixeira, who navigated the river in the 17th century. Rubber Boom: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Amazon region experienced a rubber boom, as the demand for rubber increased in Europe and North America. Several towns and cities grew alon

  ALAKANANDA RIVER Alakananda River is one of the major tributaries of the Ganges River, which is considered to be a sacred river in Hinduism. Here's a brief history of the Alakananda River: Mythology: According to Hindu mythology, the Alakananda River is believed to have originated from the locks of Lord Shiva. It is said that Lord Shiva meditated in the Himalayas, and the Alakananda River flowed out of his hair to nourish the surrounding lands. Ancient Times: The Alakananda River has been mentioned in several ancient Indian texts, including the Mahabharata and the Puranas. The river was an important source of water for the people living in the region and was also used for irrigation. Medieval Times: During the medieval period, the Alakananda River was an important trade route for the people living in the Himalayan region. Goods such as wool, timber, and spices were transported down the river to the plains. British Era: During the British rule in India, the Alakananda River was u

KRISHNA RIVER   Krishna River is one of the major rivers in India and has a rich history associated with it. Here is a brief overview of the history of Krishna River: Ancient Times: The Krishna River was known as Krishnaveni in ancient times. It finds mention in the Vedas and the Mahabharata. The river was also an important source of irrigation for the kingdoms that existed along its banks. Mauryan Empire: During the Mauryan Empire, the Krishna River was under the control of the Mauryan kings. They built several dams and irrigation canals along the river to increase agricultural production. Satavahanas: The Satavahanas, a dynasty that ruled the Deccan region of India, used the Krishna River extensively for irrigation purposes. They built several reservoirs and dams to store water during the monsoon season. Vijayanagara Empire: The Vijayanagara Empire, which ruled South India in the 14th to 16th centuries, constructed several canals and aqueducts along the river to irrigate their lands

  GODAVARI RIVER The Godavari River is one of the largest rivers in India, originating from the Western Ghats in the state of Maharashtra and flowing through the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and finally emptying into the Bay of Bengal. The river is considered sacred by Hindus and is often referred to as Dakshina Ganga or the Ganges of the South. The history of the Godavari River can be traced back to ancient times when it was considered a lifeline for the people living in the region. The river has played an important role in the development of various civilizations that have flourished along its banks over the centuries. The earliest known civilization along the Godavari River was the Satavahana dynasty, which ruled the region from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. The Satavahanas were known for their architectural and engineering skills, and they built several dams and irrigation systems along the Godavari River to facilitate agriculture and trade. Later, the region

  NARMADA RIVER The Narmada River is one of the most important rivers in India. It is a westward-flowing river that originates in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh and flows through Gujarat to the Arabian Sea. The history of the Narmada River is closely tied to the history and culture of India. The Narmada River has been mentioned in ancient Hindu texts such as the Vedas and the Puranas. According to Hindu mythology, the Narmada River is a goddess who was created by Lord Shiva to purify the sins of mankind. The river is considered to be very sacred and is worshipped by millions of people in India. The Narmada River has been an important trade route since ancient times. It was used to transport goods such as spices, textiles, and precious stones. The river was also an important source of water for irrigation, and many cities were built along its banks. During the medieval period, the Narmada River became an important center of culture and learning. The river valley was home to sev

GANGA RIVER   The Ganga River , also known as the Ganges, is one of the most important rivers in India. It is a transboundary river that flows through India and Bangladesh and is considered a sacred river by Hindus. The history of the Ganga River is closely intertwined with the history and culture of India. The Ganga River has been mentioned in ancient Hindu texts such as the Vedas and the Puranas. According to Hindu mythology, the Ganga River is a goddess who descended from heaven to earth to purify the sins of mankind. The river is also associated with Lord Shiva, one of the most revered gods in Hinduism. It is said that Lord Shiva caught the Ganga River in his hair as it descended from heaven, and thus prevented the river from flooding the earth. The Ganga River has been an important trade route since ancient times. It was used to transport goods such as spices, textiles, and precious stones. The river was also an important source of water for irrigation, and many cities were built

  YAMUNA RIVER The Yamuna River is one of the most important rivers in India. It is a tributary of the Ganges River and flows through the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh. The history of the Yamuna River is closely tied to the history and culture of India. The Yamuna River has been mentioned in ancient Hindu texts such as the Vedas and the Puranas. According to Hindu mythology, the Yamuna River is the sister of the god of death, Yama, and is considered a goddess. The river is also associated with Lord Krishna, one of the most revered gods in Hinduism. It is said that Lord Krishna spent his childhood and early adulthood in the region around the Yamuna River. The Yamuna River has been an important trade route since ancient times. It was used to transport goods such as spices, textiles, and precious stones. The river was also an important source of water for irrigation, and many cities were built along its banks. During the Mughal era, the Yamuna

  BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER The Brahmaputra River , also known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, is one of the largest rivers in the world. The river has a total length of about 3,800 km (2,350 miles), and it flows through China, India, and Bangladesh. The history of the Brahmaputra River dates back to ancient times. The river has played an important role in the lives of people living in the region for thousands of years. It has been a major trade route, connecting Tibet, China, India, and Bangladesh. The river has also been an important source of water for irrigation and for the generation of hydroelectric power. In the early 19th century, the British East India Company began to explore the Brahmaputra River as a possible trade route to Tibet. In 1826, the British established their control over Assam, which lies along the Brahmaputra River, and used the river to transport tea, jute, and other goods to the ports of Calcutta and Bombay. During the 20th century, the Brahmaputra River became an im

  INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION The Indus Valley Civilization (also known as the Harappan Civilization) was an ancient civilization that thrived in the Indus River valley from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. It was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, characterized by its impressive city planning, advanced sanitation systems, and sophisticated art and architecture. The Indus Valley Civilization was located in what is now Pakistan and northwest India, and it is believed to have been home to more than five million people at its peak. The civilization had a writing system that has yet to be fully deciphered, and its economy was based on agriculture and trade. Archaeological excavations have revealed a number of impressive structures and artifacts from the Indus Valley Civilization, including the famous Indus seals, which were used for trade and administrative purposes. The civilization also produced fine pottery, jewelry, and metalwork. Despite its impressive achievements, the In

  THE COLD WAR The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted from the end of World War II in 1945 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. It was called the "Cold" War because there was no direct military confrontation between the two superpowers, but rather a sustained political and ideological conflict that was played out through various means, including propaganda, espionage, and proxy wars. The origins of the Cold War can be traced back to the ideological differences between the capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union, which emerged as the two dominant world powers following World War II. The United States and its Western European allies were committed to a capitalist economic system and democracy, while the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite states embraced a socialist economic system and authoritarian rule. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet

WORLD WAR I   World War I : World War I Also known as the Great War, was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It involved the major powers of the world, including the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Allied Powers of France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and later the United States. The immediate cause of the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in June 1914 by a Serbian nationalist. This event set off a chain reaction of alliances and mobilizations that ultimately led to the outbreak of war. The war was fought on several fronts, including in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. It saw some of the bloodiest battles in history, including the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Verdun, and the Battle of Gallipoli. The war had a profound impact on the world, both during and after the conflict. It resulted in the deaths of millions of soldiers and civilians, and it led to the collapse of several e

THE BATTLES OF PANIPAT   The Battles of Panipat were a series of three battles fought near the city of Panipat, in present-day Haryana state of India, during the 16th and 18th centuries. The First Battle of Panipat (1526) :  The First Battle of Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526, between the Mughal Emperor Babur and the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi. The battle took place near the city of Panipat, in present-day Haryana state of India. Babur, who had recently captured Kabul and Kandahar, invaded India with his army in 1525. He faced the Lodi forces at Panipat, which consisted of about 100,000 soldiers, including 40,000 cavalry and 1,000 war elephants. Babur's army was much smaller, with only 12,000 soldiers, including 8,000 cavalry and 20 guns. Despite being outnumbered, Babur's superior military tactics and technology, including the use of firearms, allowed him to win the battle. Lodi was killed, and the victory paved the way for the establishment of the Mughal Empire in Indi

  The Battle of Saraighat was fought in 1671 between the Ahom Kingdom of Assam and the Mughal Empire. The Mughals, under the leadership of Mir Jumla, had invaded Assam with a large army and were attempting to conquer the region. The Ahom forces, led by Lachit Borphukan, fought back with great determination and skill. They used the Brahmaputra River to their advantage, blocking the Mughal fleet from advancing and launching surprise attacks on the enemy from the river. The Ahom forces also utilized a unique weapon called the "xahi", which was essentially a cannon made of bell metal. The xahi was a highly effective weapon and played a crucial role in the Ahom victory. After a long and hard-fought battle, the Mughals were defeated and forced to retreat. The Battle of Saraighat is considered to be one of the greatest battles in Indian history and is celebrated as a symbol of the valor and bravery of the Ahom warriors.